Philippines becomes first Asian country to approve sale of dengue vaccine Dengvaxia

Philippines became the first Asian country to approve the sale of the world’s first ever dengue vaccine Dengvaxia in the country. The Dengvaxia vaccine has been manufactured by French pharmaceutical manufacturer Sanofi Pasteur. It has been designed to protect people in the 9-45 age groups from all four subtypes of the virus.

 Key facts 

          
         The Dengvaxia vaccine was produced as the result of an extensive clinical development programme of the French company than ran for almost two decades. Sanofi Pasteur has requested authorisation to roll out the vaccine in 20 countries. Earlier it secured its first regulatory approval in Mexico a fortnight ago and is currently being reviewed by around 20 countries in Asia and Latin America. Clinical tests of the vaccine carried out on 40,000 people from 15 countries by the company has shown that vaccine can immunise two-thirds of people aged 9-45. It was also found that the vaccine is capable of reducing the risk of hospitalisation of person infected by dengue virus by 80 percent.

 Comment 

           It is hoped the vaccine could eventually help prevent millions of deaths from dengue which is considered as the world’s fastest growing mosquito borne disease mainly due to climate change. The World Health Organization (WHO) has mentioned that around 400 million people are infected worldwide every year by the dengue virus and two-thirds are in Asia.

Important Facts About Letters

3. We know A, E , I, 0 and U are vowels of English alphabet and remaining letters are consonants of English alphabets.
4. A ® 4 M (A to M) letters are called first half of English alphabets.
5. N ® 4 Z (N to Z) letters are called second half of English alphabets.
6. To the left means Z ® A (Z to A)
7. To the right means A ® Z (A to Z)
8. From A ® Z (A to Z) letters are called left to right of English alphabets.
9. From Z ® A (Z to A) letters are called right to left of English alphabets.

Time and Distance

Relation between Time, Speed and Distance

Distance covered, time and speed are related by

Time = ...(i)

Speed = ...(ii)

Distance = Speed × Time ...(iii)
Distance is measured in metres, kilometres and miles.
Time in hours, minutes and seconds.
Speed in km/h, miles/h and m/s.

1. To convert speed of an object from km/h to m/s multiply the speed by . 5/18

2. To convert speed of an object from m/s to km/h, multiply the speed by . 18/5

Average Speed

It is the ratio of total distance covered to total time of journey.

Keyboard Shortcuts for MS Word

A. Microsoft Word – common shortcuts

1. Ctrl + N = will open a new word document
2. Ctrl + O = will open the ‘Open’ box to open previously saved documents
3. Ctrl + W = will close the current word document
4. Ctrl + S = to save the currently open word document
5. Ctrl + P = will give the print option for current document
6. Ctrl + Z = will undo the last action
7. Ctrl + Y = will restore the action undone
8. Ctrl + X = will cut selected item
9. Ctrl + C = will copy selected text/item

10. Ctrl + V = will paste the previously cut/copy selected text/item
11. Ctrl + A = Selects all the text
12. Ctrl + F = will open Find and Replace option/dialogue box

B. Microsoft Word’s Formatting Shortcuts

1. Ctrl + B = will bold-en the selected text
2. Ctrl + I = will italicize the selected text
3. Ctrl + U = will underline the selected text

4. Ctrl + Shift + D = Double underline


5. Ctrl +Shift + > = will increase the font size of selected text
6. Ctrl +Shift + < = will decrease the font size of selected text


7. Ctrl + 2 = double line spacing
8. End = will take you to the end of a line
9. Home = will take you to the beginning of a line
10. Ctrl + End = will take you to the very end of a document (last page/last line/last
word!)
11. Ctrl + Home = will take you to the very beginning of a document


12. Shift + F3 = will change the case of letters of selected text (keep pressing the F3 and
see how it keeps changing from All CAPS, to all lower, to Sentence
case!)
13. Ctrl + Shift + F = will activate the ‘Font’ option and you can chose the font you want
14. Ctrl + Shift + N = will apply the ‘Normal’ style to the selected text

15. Ctrl + ‘equal sign’ = for superscript.
i.e., select a text first, then do - ‘ctrl + =’.
example: Birds(of all kinds).

16. Ctrl + Shift + ‘the plus sign’ = for superscript.
example: November the 30th of 2014.
Watsapp!

C. Microsoft Word – insert option shortcuts

1. Ctrl + Enter = will give/insert a page break, i.e., it’ll go to the next page
2. Ctrl + K = to insert a hyperlink
3. Alt + Shift + D = will insert the current Date

4. Alt + Shift + T = will insert the current Time

5. Alt + I + P + C = will open the Clip Art box on the right side of the document
6. Alt + I + P + W = will open the Word Art options box
7. Alt + I + P + H = will insert/open graph/chart input/options box in the form of an excel
sheet! (Try it out!)

8. Alt + I + P + O = will insert an organization flow chart, which you can edit as per your
requirement

Different Generations of Computer Development

First Generation : 1946-1959

Vacuum Tubes
In first stage of computer development we used vacuum tubes. These vacuum tubes are slower in processing speed and used machine language which was hard to understand as instruction was in 0 and 1.These first generation computer was bigger in size even occupied entire room , generates lot of heat and was very expensive So these cant be used continuously for longer duration of time

Second Generation : 1959-1965

Transistor
In second generation of computer we used transistors. In Second generation vacuum tubes was replaced with transistor. Second generation saw the improvement in speed and size but heat produced was still damaging to the system

Language used was assembly language , which means it was easy to understand as instructions consist of words.

Third Generation : 1964-1971

Integrated Circuits
Third generation saw the used to integrated circuits. Transistor were miniaturized and put on chip to foam integrated circuit .Which was faster in processing speed, store instruction in memory and reduced in size. These extremely small electronics can perform calculations and store data using either digital or analog technology.

Fourth Generation :1972-2010Microprocessor

Crucial stage in the development of computer was microprocessor . Intel was first to develop microprocessor. In microprocessor ten of millions of transistor fabricated on single chip which is very small in size and also have very high processing capabilities

Microprocessor support multiple task This generation saw the development of computer for home use developed by IBM.

Fifth Generation : 2010- OnwardsArtificial Intelligence

Fifth generation saw the advent of artificial intelligence, features like voice recognition are made possible with artificial intelligence as machine able to respond in natural language and have capability to learn and organize themselves.

Fifth generation is still in development stage

ANTONYMS

• Adversity X prosperity 
• Attraction X repulsion 
• Advance X retreat 
• Awkward X graceful 
• Bravery X cowardice 
• Borrow X lend 
• Cheerful X gloomy 
• Create X destroy 
• Collect X scatter 
• Courtesy X rudeness 
• Complex X easy 
• Deficit X surplus 
• Exception X ordinary 
• Effective X ineffective 
• Entrance X exit 
• Fact X fiction 
• Fresh X state 
• Folly X wisdom 
• Familiar X strange 
• Analysis X synthesis 
• Appreciate X depreciate 
• Arrogant X humble 
• AmbiguousX clear 
• Acquit X accuse 
• Authentic X spurious 
• Abortive X fruitful 
• Abundant X amiability 
• Acrimony X unfamiliar 
• Alien X native 
• Alleviate X increase 
• Amass X scatter 
• Annihilate X produce 
• Barren X fertile 
• Callous X sympathetic 
• Colossal X modesty 
• Conspicuous X concealed 
• Curiosity X indifference 
• Rich X poor 
• Violent X non-violent 
• Rejoice X lament 
• Extinct X extant 
• Frugal X extravagant 
• Dearth X sufficiency 
• Loyal X rebellious 
• Embrace X reject 
• Amalgamate X separate 
• Mammoth X tiny 
• Partial X impartial 
• Religious X irreligious 
• Rigid X flexible 
• Rural X urban 
• Smile X frown 
• Serious X gracious 
• Stupidity X intelligence 
• Transparent X opaque 
• Urbane X rude 
• Violent X peaceful 
• Dubious X impartial 
• Durable X irreligious 
• DiscriminationX indiscrimination 
• Disparage X glorify 
• Error X correction 
• Eccentric X normal 
• Envious X Friendly 
• Erroneous X accurate 
• Equanimity X disturbed 
• Ethical X immoral 
• Celebrated X notorious 
• Confidence X diffidence 
• Callous X soft 
• Charitable X selfish 
• Confess X deny 
• Cheap X dear 
• Culpable X innocent 
• Despair X hope 
• Diligent X lazy 
• Demolish X build 
• Idle X busy 
• Moral X immoral 
• Oral X soft 
• Promotion X demotion 
• Offer X refuse 
• Monopoly X competition 
• Moderate X excessive 
• Optimism X pessimism 
• Mortal X immortal 
• Knowledge X ignorant 
• Exceptional X ordinary 
• Economy X extravagance 
• Egoism X altruism 
• Egotist X altruist 
• Ecstasy X depression 
• Ferocious X mid/gentle 
• Funny X serious 
• Frail X strong 
• Futile X useful 
• Gorgeous X simple 
• Genuine X false 
• Garrulity X reticence/silence 
• Haughty X meek 
• Hope X despair 
• Hypocrisy X sincerity 
• Harsh X melodious 
• Hostile X friendly 
• Insipid X tasty 
• Infringe X obey 
• Immense X small 
• Invisible X visible 
• Relevant X irrelevant 
• Impotent X vigorous/strong 
• Juvenile X matured/adult 
• Judicious X rash/silly 
• Knowledge X ignorance 
• Liberty X slavery 
• Lethargic X active 
• Moderate X excessive 
• Magnanimous X petty/mean 
• Shrewd X dull 
• Savage X civilized 
• Progress X retrogress 
• Visitor X host 
• Triumph X defeat 
• Vague X clear 
• Whimsical X ordinary 
• Fragile X sturdy 
• Eulogise X criticize 
• Common X rare 
• Occasional X everyday 
• Modern X ancient 
• Praise X blame 
• Monopoly X competition 
• Lose X find 
• Rude X polite 
• Timid X bold 
• Verbal X written 
• Victory X defeat 

SYNONYMS

Abundant-plentiful
Absolute-complete/perfect
Abruptly-suddenly
Abortive-ineffectivve
Abominable-loathsome
Abhor-hate
Abduct-kidnap
Accumulate-collect
Acclaim-praise
Accomplice-helper in a crime
Accomplish-carry out/achieve
Acquit- pardon
Acute-sharp
Adversity-poverty
Adept-expert
Alleviate-lesson
Amass-collect
Amateur-unskilled
Annihilate-destroy/defeat
Apposite-suitable
Amiable-lovable
Aversion-hatred
Atrocity-brutality
Baffle-difficult to solve/explain
Barbarous-uncivilized
Compassion-pity/sympathy
Cordial-warm/friendly
Audacious-bold/daring
Augment-to increase
Ameliorate-to improve
Abscond-depart suddenly
Accolade-praise
Apprise-to inform
Atheist-disbeliever in god
Agile-active
Deficit-shortage
Tedious-tiresome
Incredible-unbelievable
Eminent-great/distinguished
Break through-advance
Clandestine-secret
Clemency-mercy
Conspicuous-rule
Criterion-rule
Dilapidated-in ruins
Disaster-calamity/misfortune
Disparity-inequality
Endeavour-to try/attempt
Havoc-damage
Non-plussed - surprised
Scarcely-barely,hardly,almost not
Extravagant-spending a lot,spendthrift,liberal,lavish,swindle
Tranquil-calm,quiet,peaceful
Tenacious-firm,stubborn,persistent,persevering
Strenuous-hard,requiring,great effort,energetic
Disposition-nature,personality,individuality
Integrity-honesty,goodness,virtue,morality
Mettle-fortitude,ability to face difficult situation
Jeopardy-danger
Indomitable-unconquerable,that can be defeated
Fickle-changeable,not constant
Diligent-laborious,hardworking
Deify- to worship
Exorbitant-excessive
Nebulous-vague,not clear
Parochial-narrow minded
Dubious-doubtful
Fiasco-failure
Smear-a dirty mark,to damage somebodies reputation
Anathema-something strongly detested
Gluttony-greed,habit of eating too much
Glutton-a person who eats too much
Sap-to weaken
Blend-mix
Refute-deny.to prove something to be wrong
Exploit-to take advantage,to develop something
Deserted-abandoned,given up
Run into-to meet a person
Enormous-very large,gigantic
Doleful-mournful,sad,miserable.
Exodus-a mass departure
Exonerate-to free somebody from blame
Exotic-unusual,strange,not native,attractive
Exultation-joy(of success)
Felicitation-well wishing,congratulations
Forthwith-immediately
Freight-luggage
Impeach-to charge with crime
Impediment-obstacle
Inclement-Severe,harsh
Incoherent-hard to understand,not clear
Manifestation-evidence
Exuivocal - not clear
Escalate-develop by stages
Meticulous-giving great care/attention
Mortuary-a place for dead bodies
Non proliferation-limitation of weapons
Pilfer-to steal
Precarious-not safe,uncertain,dangerous
Prolific-highly productive
Ransack-search thoroughly
Rapport-establish a close relationship
Recapitulate-summarise,to say again and again
Red-tape-excessive rules and regulations
Frail-weak/incapable
Chronic-lasting for a long time,very bad
Forthwith-immediately,without delay
Shun-to avoid something/somebody
Appeal- to make an earnest request
Plead-to argue in support of a case
Shiver-to shake
Independence-freedom
Strength-capability,quality of being strong
Defend-protect somebody something from harm
Foreign-alien,not local
Minority-a small group
Implore-beg earnestly
Eschew-abstain from,to avoid something
Thwart-frustrate/prevent
Rendezvous-meeting place
Passion-strong emotion
Folly-foolishness
Fortitude-courage
Resent-feel angry about something
Appease-to satisfy needs and demands
Procure-to obtain
Deplorable-lamentable
Emulate-imitate
Fanciful-imaginative,attractive
Fascinate-captivate
Fidelity-devotion/loyalty
Frivolous-trivial/un important
Illustrious-famous,eminent
Inanimate-lifeless/not alive
Ingenuous-sincere/open
Insignificant-unimportant
Jubilant-joyful
Liberal-generous
Loquacious-talkative
Relinquish-to give up
Redundant-superfluous/unnecessary
Scenario-plan for future action
Soliloquy-talking to oneself
Sordid-dirty
Sphinx-riddle,difficult to understand
Sporadic-accident
Toxic-poisonous
Vindictive-having desire for revenge
Vital-essential to existence/success
Yearn- longing
Ruthless-cruel
Reliable-confident
Pious-holy,religious
Obsolete-antiquated/out of date
Monotonous-tedious,tiresome
Pusillanimity-timidity
Robust-strong
Proficient-expert/adept
Lustrous-shining
Heartfelt-sincere
Amity-friendship
Honorary-serving without pay